Bibliography
for Prussia.

General works

The whole sweep, 1525–1947

• Clark, Christopher. Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947. London: Allen Lane, 2006. The standard one-volume modern English-language history; 800 pages.
• Haffner, Sebastian. The Rise and Fall of Prussia. Trans. Ewald Osers. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1980. An older but still widely read German-perspective account.
• Koch, H.W. A History of Prussia. London: Longman, 1978.

Chapters I–IV — Origins and the Brandenburg-Prussia state

The Teutonic Order, the Duchy, the Great Elector

• Urban, William. The Teutonic Knights: A Military History. London: Greenhill Books, 2003.
• Burleigh, Michael. Prussian Society and the German Order: An Aristocratic Corporation in Crisis, c. 1410–1466. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
• Carsten, F.L. The Origins of Prussia. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1954. The standard older treatment of the early period.
• Mackillop, Andrew, and Steve Murdoch, eds. Military Governors and Imperial Frontiers, c. 1600–1800. Leiden: Brill, 2003.

Chapters V–VII — The Kingdom and Frederick the Great

The eighteenth century

• Blanning, Tim. Frederick the Great: King of Prussia. London: Allen Lane, 2015. The standard modern English-language biography.
• Showalter, Dennis. Frederick the Great: A Military History. Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2012.
• Frederick II. Anti-Machiavel. Trans. Paul Sonnino. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 1981. Frederick's own political treatise, written before he became king.
• Wilson, Peter H. From Reich to Revolution: German History, 1558–1806. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2004.

Chapters VIII–IX — Bismarck and the Empire

Unification, 1871–1918

• Pflanze, Otto. Bismarck and the Development of Germany. 3 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. The standard biography in English; 2,500 pages.
• Steinberg, Jonathan. Bismarck: A Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
• Wehler, Hans-Ulrich. The German Empire, 1871–1918. Trans. Kim Traynor. Oxford: Berg, 1985.
• Clark, Christopher. The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. London: Allen Lane, 2012.
• Bismarck, Otto von. Reminiscences. Trans. A.J. Butler. London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1898. Bismarck's own memoirs, published posthumously.

Chapters X–XII — Weimar, Third Reich, abolition

The collapse and the Allied erasure

• Evans, Richard J. The Coming of the Third Reich. London: Allen Lane, 2003.
• Evans, Richard J. The Third Reich in Power. London: Allen Lane, 2005.
• Kershaw, Ian. Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris; Hitler 1936–1945: Nemesis. London: Allen Lane, 1998, 2000. The standard biography.
• Fritzsche, Peter. Germans into Nazis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.
• Naimark, Norman M. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001. Includes the Sudeten German and East Prussian expulsions of 1944–1948.
• Bessel, Richard. Germany 1945: From War to Peace. London: Simon & Schuster, 2009.
• Allied Control Council. Law No. 46: Abolition of the State of Prussia. 25 February 1947. The legal instrument by which Prussia was formally dissolved.

Chapters XIII–XIV — Legacy

The post-war reckoning

• Fulbrook, Mary. German National Identity After the Holocaust. Cambridge: Polity, 1999.
• Demshuk, Andrew. The Lost German East: Forced Migration and the Politics of Memory, 1945–1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
• Confino, Alon. Foundational Pasts: The Holocaust as Historical Understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
• Friedländer, Saul. Memory, History, and the Extermination of the Jews of Europe. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.